How to Exchange a Foreign Driving Licence in Portugal

Can a foreigner get a driving license in Portugal?

Yes, foreigners can obtain a driving license in Portugal. However, the rules depend on how long you stay and where your license was issued.  

If you’re visiting Portugal as a tourist or for a short stay, you can drive with your foreign driver’s license for up to six months (roughly 185 days). This applies if your license is from a country that Portugal recognises (through international conventions or bilateral agreements).

However, if your license is not from an EU country or is not in English or Portuguese, you should also carry an International Driving Permit (IDP) in addition to your license. 

If you plan to live in Portugal as a legal resident, you can drive on your foreign licence during the first 90 days from the date your Autorízação de Residência (residence permit) is issued, not from the date you physically arrived in Portugal.

During this 90-day window, you must submit your licence exchange application to the IMT (Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes). After 90 days, your foreign licence is no longer valid for driving in Portugal.

Note: Since October 2023, the Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA) has replaced the former SEF (Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras) as Portugal’s immigration authority. Your residence permit is now issued by AIMA. For driving licence exchange purposes, the IMT remains the authority, AIMA handles your residency documentation only.

Who needs to exchange their license in Portugal?

Eligibility at a glance

The table below summarises the rules for each group:

Residents 

If you’ve established residency in Portugal and intend to live in the country, you need to exchange your foreign license. However, the obligations may vary by the issuing country of the license. 

EU/EEA license holders

If you hold a driver’s license issued by an EU member state or an EEA country, you can continue driving in Portugal with it until it expires. But you must register your foreign EU/EEA license with the IMT (Institute for Mobility and Transport) within 60 days of moving to Portugal. This registration is essentially a notification of your new address. 

If your EU-issued license has a lifetime validity or no expiration date, you’ll need to exchange it for a Portuguese license within 2 years of becoming a resident. Portugal requires licenses to have an expiration date. 

Non-EU licenses (Convention signatory or Bilateral agreement countries) 

If your license was issued outside the EU/EEA but by a country that either has a bilateral recognition agreement with Portugal or is a signatory to the international road traffic conventions (Geneva 1949 and/or Vienna 1968), you can use that license in Portugal under certain conditions.

• Once you have your residence permit is issued, you can continue driving with your foreign license for the first 90 days of residency. However, you must also apply to exchange it for a Portuguese license during that period.

• After 90 days of residency, you can no longer drive in Portugal with your foreign license. But you can still apply to exchange it for up to 2 years from the start of your residency. 

• If you miss the 2-year window and decide to exchange it after 2 years of residency, you will need to pass a Portuguese practical driving test to get the exchange. 

Non-EU licenses from non-signatory countries

If your driver’s license was issued by a country that is not a party to the international road traffic conventions and has no license-exchange agreement with Portugal, then your foreign license is not valid for driving in Portugal once you are a resident. You’ll have to convert it to a Portuguese license.

To do this, you will need to pass a driving test (including a theory and practical driving test for each category of vehicle your license covers) to qualify for a Portuguese driver’s license. This means you must meet the same requirements as a new driver in Portugal.

Foreign licenses with lifetime validity (No expiry date)

If you are a resident in Portugal and hold a foreign license that has no expiry date, you’ll have to exchange it for a Portuguese license within 2 years of settling in Portugal. This rule applies regardless of whether the license is from the EU or outside the EU. 

Driving licenses from OECD/CPLP countries

Portugal introduced special provisions in August 2022 that affect certain countries, specifically those in the CPLP (Community of Portuguese Language Countries) and OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 

The rule covers licences from OECD member countries, including Australia, Canada, Chile, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Switzerland, Turkey, the UK, and the US. From the CPLP, it covers only Brazil and Cape Verde, the CPLP members that have signed one of the international road traffic conventions (IMT). Licences from Angola, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe are not covered.

If you are from one of these countries and you become a resident in Portugal, you no longer need to exchange your foreign driver’s license for a Portuguese one. But you must meet these conditions.

• Age requirement: You must be under 60 years old. (Once you turn 60, or if you are already 60 or older, you would need to exchange the license.)
  
  

• Appropriate category age: You must meet the minimum age in Portugal for the category of vehicle you are licensed to drive. (For example, if Portugal requires drivers to be 18 for a car and 21 for a heavy vehicle, you must satisfy those age requirements for your license categories.)
  
  

• License validity: Your foreign license must be valid (not expired) at the time of use.
  
  

• License issuance recency: It must be no more than 15 years since your license was issued or last renewed.
  
  

• International recognition: The country that issued your license should be a signatory to an international road traffic convention (1949 Geneva and/or 1968 Vienna) or have a bilateral driving license agreement with Portugal.
  
  

• Clean record: Your foreign license must not be suspended, seized, revoked, or banned in the issuing country or Portugal.
  
  

If you meet all of the above conditions, you can legally drive in Portugal with your original license from those specific countries indefinitely.  This permission only applies in Portugal. If you choose to exchange, or have to (for example, when you turn 60), you will not have to sit driving tests, but you will need a medical exam.

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Driving licenses from countries without agreements

If your foreign driving license is from a country without a license exchange agreement, you’ll need to exchange it for a Portuguese one. Countries without license exchange agreements include India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Nepal, and Bangladesh. To exchange your foreign license, you’ll need to pass the theory and practical driving tests before getting your Portuguese license.

Step-by-step guide to exchanging a foreign license in Portugal

Before you start: Pre-checklist

Before booking your IMT appointment, confirm the following:

• Your foreign licence is valid and not expired. Expired licences cannot be exchanged.

• You are within the applicable deadline. 90 days from your residency date (non-EU/non-OECD holders); up to 2 years for bilateral agreement countries.

• Your licence is NOT from an OECD/CPLP country. If it is, you may not need to exchange at all.

• You have ordered your Certificate of Authenticity from your home country’s transport authority. Processing times vary, so allow at least 2–4 weeks for countries outside the EU.

• If your licence is not in English or Portuguese, you have arranged a certified translation (required for the IMT application).

• You have registered your Portuguese NIF (tax number). Required for all official processes in Portugal.

1. Check if you're eligible

Before you start, confirm whether your country has a license exchange agreement with Portugal or whether you’ll need to take a driving test. Some countries have reciprocal agreements with Portugal that allow direct exchange, while others may require a driving assessment. 

Also, check whether you meet the residency and age requirements. Generally, you must exchange your license within 90 days of establishing residency. 

2. Schedule an appointment with IMT

Book an appointment at your local IMT office (Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes), either online via the IMTonline.pt portal or in person at the nearest IMT branch. In 2025, the IMT allows applicants to start the process online via the IMTonline.pt portal. You can submit your application and documents digitally before attending in person for biometrics and your temporary driving permit (guia). Your local city hall (Câmara Municipal) can also help guide you through the process. For OECD and CPLP licences, IMT also accepts exchange requests through its “A Minha Carta de Condução” portal.

3. Submit required documents

Bring all the necessary documents to your appointment. You may need originals and photocopies, so it’s best to be prepared with both. During your appointment, you will need to submit the required documentation and pay the application fees.

4. Undergo medical and psychological evaluations (If required)

Depending on your age and the type of vehicle you're licensed to drive, you may need to submit an electronic medical certificate issued by a Portuguese doctor. You may also be required to take a psychological assessment if your license covers certain vehicle categories (like heavy-duty trucks or public transport). The medical examination fee is typically €30-€50. The IMT-registered doctor submits the certificate electronically, so you don't need to handle a paper copy.

5. Pay the applicable fees

The fee to exchange a foreign license is typically around €30, though it may vary depending on your case or additional documents needed.

6. Receive a temporary driving permit

Once you submit your application, IMT will issue a temporary driving permit (called a guia). This allows you to legally drive in Portugal while your Portuguese license is being processed, which can take between 1 to 3 months. The temporary paper license you receive is only valid in Portugal. This means if you travel outside Portugal before you get your driving license, you cannot legally drive. In this case, keep a photo of your original license as a backup. 

Required documents for converting a foreign driver’s license in Portugal

• Valid foreign driving license: You must present your original valid foreign driver’s license. Make sure your license has clear issue and expiration dates. If it doesn’t, you’ll need to provide additional documents proving when it was issued.

• Proof of identity: A valid passport or EU/EEA ID card.

• Proof of residency in Portugal: This proves that you officially live in Portugal. It could be your residence permit (Autorização de Residência) or a certificate of residence from your local parish council (Junta de Freguesia). If you've just arrived and are still waiting for your residence permit, you can request temporary proof of address from your Junta.

• Tax identification number (NIF): The NIF (Número de Identificação Fiscal) is your Portuguese tax number and is required for almost every official process in the country. You can get your NIF at any local tax office (Finanças) or through a representative if you’re not yet registered.

• Electronic medical certificate: A mandatory health clearance submitted electronically by a licensed Portuguese doctor through the IMT system. It verifies that you're physically fit to drive.

• Psychological assessment certificate (for certain vehicles): If your license includes heavy-duty vehicles, buses, or professional driving categories, you’ll need a psychological evaluation done by an authorised psychologist in Portugal. Regular car drivers (Category B) don’t need this. It’s mostly for commercial or professional licenses.

• Certificate of authenticity: This document confirms that your foreign license is real and was issued by the proper authority in your home country. It often needs to come directly from your country’s transport or licensing agency.

• Certified translation: If your license isn’t in Portuguese or English, you must provide a certified translation. Translayte can help with this! We offer fast, certified driver’s license translations for IMT applications.

Note: Check with IMT for specific document requirements, as some countries may need additional certifications like an apostille.

How to receive your certificate of authenticity by country

The Certificate of Authenticity must come from your home country’s official transport or licensing authority. Here are the key contacts by country:

For all non-EU documents: check with the IMT whether an apostille is required on the certificate before arranging a certified translation.

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How Translayte can help you drive legally in Portugal

Translayte provides certified translation services for driver's license conversions in Portugal. Here's how we can assist you:

• Certified translations: We provide certified translations that include a signed statement attesting to accuracy and completeness, meeting Portuguese legal standards. This ensures that Portuguese authorities accept your driving license translation.

• Rapid turnaround: Our certified translation turnaround time is as short as 12 hours. You can also access our services on weekends and holidays.

• 24/7 support: At Translayte, you can access 24/7 multilingual assistance anytime via chat, email, SMS, phone, or WhatsApp.

• Global acceptance: Translayte's certified translations are recognised by governments, universities, and courts worldwide.

• Transparent pricing: Our certified translation rates start from $58 per page, with no hidden charges. Before ordering online, you can also request a free quote for an accurate cost.

Choosing Translayte ensures an accurate, compliant driver’s license translation delivered promptly. 

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Processing time and fees

Processing an international driver's license exchange in Portugal usually takes 1 to 3 months from the application date until you receive your new license. Many foreign residents receive their Portuguese licence in about 2 months on average, though some have waited longer (in a few cases, over 3 months). 

Processing times can be significantly longer in Lisbon compared to smaller cities. Residents of the Lisbon metropolitan area should expect 2–3 months or more, with some applicants reporting waits exceeding 3 months during peak periods. Outside Lisbon, processing typically takes 1–2 months. During processing, you will hold a guia (temporary driving permit), valid for 6 months in Portugal only.

The standard Portuguese driving licence exchange fee is about €30. This is the government fee paid to the IMT (road transport authority) for issuing your new Portuguese licence. The fee does not vary by region or by the type of licence you are exchanging. It’s also generally a flat rate regardless of age (unlike some licence renewal fees, which are discounted for seniors). 

In addition to the IMT processing fee, be prepared for a few additional costs related to the required documents and exams. These may include a medical certificate fee of €20–€50 and a psychological evaluation fee, typically around €45. 

Here’s a full cost breakdown; 

Renting a car in Portugal with a foreign driving licence

For tourists and short-term visitors

Major car rental companies in Portugal, including Europcar, Hertz, Avis, Budget, and Sixt, accept valid foreign driving licences for the first 185 days of your visit. Carry an International Driving Permit (IDP) alongside your licence if it is not in English, Portuguese, French, or Spanish, as rental companies may request it.

For residents

Once you are a legal resident of Portugal, you should exchange your licence within the applicable timeframe. Major rental companies in Portugal may refuse to rent to foreign residents driving on a foreign licence beyond the 90-day or 2-year residency window, as this creates liability exposure for the rental company.

Note: Rental companies in other EU countries do not accept the guia (temporary paper permit issued during the exchange process). If you plan to travel within Europe while your exchange is pending, do not surrender your original licence to IMT until you return.

Temporary driving permit

When exchanging a driving license in Portugal for foreigners, you hand in your foreign driving license to IMT and receive a temporary paper permit called a guia. This guia is valid for six months and lets you drive legally in Portugal while your new Portuguese driving licence is processed. 

Note that the guia works only inside Portugal. EU rules warn that provisional permits like this are usually not recognised in other countries. This temporary permit ensures you can keep driving in Portugal while waiting for your Portuguese driving license.

Language options for tests

When taking Portugal’s driving theory exam, you can request to take it in a language you’re fluent in, especially if Portuguese isn't your native language. 

IMT allows the theory test to be taken in English for the following categories: AM, A1, A2, A, B1, and B (scooters, motorcycles, small cars, etc.). So, whether you’re renewing or exchanging a license for a passenger car (Category B) or a motorcycle (Category A series), you can choose to take the test in English.

You must request the English language option when registering through your driving school or via the IMT test booking system. Make this clear early on, and you'll receive instructions in English.

While you can take the theory test in English, the practical driving test (the on-road exam) is still conducted in Portuguese. The examiner will give basic driving commands in Portuguese, so it helps to understand phrases like “turn left,” “hard right,” or “pull over.”

Note: You only need the theory and practical driving tests if you are from a country without a bilateral agreement, convention recognition, or OECD/CPLP status. If you are from a convention- or bilateral-agreement country and miss the 2-year deadline, you must pass a practical driving test. If you are from the EU/EEA, UK, US, Australia, Brazil, Canada, or most OECD/CPLP countries, you will not need to take a driving test. 

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Special considerations when converting a foreign driver’s license in Portugal

Dual nationals

Those with Portuguese citizenship and another nationality must follow the same exchange rules as any foreign resident. 

Portuguese regulations require that you establish legal residency in Portugal before you can exchange a foreign licence; citizenship alone is not enough. According to Portuguese laws, “For those who have dual nationality, it is mandatory to have residence in Portugal to request the exchange of the licence.”

As always, be sure to check with the Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes (IMT) or current Portuguese regulations if you have a unique situation. 

Licences without expiry dates

Some foreign licences have no printed expiry date or are issued for life. If your license is in this category, you must exchange it for a Portuguese driving license within two years of residence. 

Always verify whether this rule applies to your specific licence. If in doubt, contact the IMT or your consulate for the latest guidance.

Lost or stolen licences

If you lose or have your foreign licence stolen after moving to Portugal, you can still apply for an exchange, but you'll need special documentation. 

You will need a lost title certificate from the issuing country for your foreign license. Then, present that certificate instead of the original license when you want to exchange your foreign licence for a Portuguese one.

Always confirm the exact process with IMT or your embassy, since procedures (and fees) can change.

What happens if your licence expires during the exchange process

If your foreign licence expires while your Portuguese exchange application is pending, you must stop driving immediately. The guia you received when you submitted your application becomes your only legal driving document, and it is valid only in Portugal.

To avoid this scenario:

• Apply for your exchange as early as possible within your legal window.

• If your licence is close to expiry when you apply, note this on your application. IMT is aware of this scenario, and it may prioritise your case.

• Do NOT attempt to renew your foreign licence in your home country after establishing Portuguese residency. Portugal will not accept an exchange based on a licence renewed after your residency start date, unless the original was EU/EEA, OECD, or CPLP.

Return of the original license

When you exchange your license for a Portuguese one, you must hand over your original foreign license. The IMT will then forward the original licence back to the issuing country. 

If you later travel back to your home country and need to use your old license, you can retrieve it by surrendering your Portuguese license to the local authorities at home. Generally, Portugal and your home country mutually recognise only one valid licence at a time, as required by EU traffic conventions.

Deadlines and penalties for converting a foreign driver’s license in Portugal

Most non-EU license holders

After you become a resident, you can drive on your foreign license for up to 90 days, but you must apply to exchange it during that period. From 90 days to 2 years after you become a resident, you can still apply for the exchange, but you cannot drive on a foreign license. After 2 years, the foreign license is no longer valid in Portugal, and you must pass a practical driving test to exchange it.

Eligible countries (CPLP/OECD)

If your licence is from an OECD country, Brazil or Cape Verde, there is no exchange deadline while you meet the conditions above (under 60, licence issued or renewed within the last 15 years, valid and not suspended). Once you stop meeting them, you need to exchange your licence, which involves a medical exam but no driving tests.

EU/EEA licenses

An EU or EEA license remains valid in Portugal without exchange. You only need to register your address in Portugal within 60 days of moving. But if you have a lifetime EU/EEA license, you must exchange it within 2 years of residency.

Missing the deadline means you lose the legal right to drive in Portugal on your foreign license. Additionally, it means that you must pass the Portuguese driving test (a practical test if your licence is from a convention or bilateral-agreement country. 

Get certified translation services for your foreign driver’s licence and other supporting documents.  Request a free quote today.